Please use this format when preparing papers for my classes. The following is excerpted from the Academy of Management website. To see the whole thing, go to http://aom.pace.edu/amj/style_guide.html. Thank you.
Citations
Giving proper credit to the sources of original ideas and previous work
is an important aspect of
good scholarship. Inappropriate or inaccurate citations do not do
justice to the authors cited and
can
be misleading to readers.
Citations
should be made in the text by enclosing the cited authors’ names and the year
of the
work cited in parentheses. Example:
Several studies (Adams, 1974; Brown & Hales, 1975, 1980; Collins,
1976a, 1976b) support this
conclusion.
Please note the use of alphabetical order and ampersands. Also note that
two or more works by
the
same author (or by an identical group of authors) published in the same year
are
distinguished by “a,” “b,” etc., added after the year.
Citations to the source of a direct quotation must give a page number or
numbers; these follow
the
date of publication and are separated from it by a colon. Example:
Adams has said that writing a book is “a long and arduous task” (1974:
3).
Also cite page numbers when you paraphrase or summarize specific
arguments or findings of
authors.
If
a work has two authors, give both names every time the work is cited in the
text. If a work has
between two and six authors, list all authors the first time it is
cited, then use “et al.” Examples:
Few
field studies use random assignment (Franz, Johnson, & Schmidt, 1976).
(first citation)
...
even when random assignment is not possible (Franz et al., 1976: 23).
(subsequent citation)
For
more than six authors, use the “et al.” form even for the first citation. But
the matching
reference should give all the authors.
References
Include an alphabetically ordered list of the works you have cited in
your article. This list should
begin on a separate page headed REFERENCES.
Alphabetize references by the last name of the author (the first author)
or the editor, or by the
name of the corporate author (e.g., U.S. Census Bureau) or periodical
(e.g., Wall Street Journal)
if there is no individual author or
editor. Several works by an identical author (or group of
authors) are ordered by year of publication, with the earliest listed
first. If the years of publication
are
also the same, differentiate entries by adding small letters (“a,” “b,” etc.)
after the years.
Authors’ names are repeated for each entry.
Book entries follow this form: Authors’ or Editors’ Last Names,
Initials. Year. Title of book. (Book
titles are underlined and typed in lowercase letters except for the
first letter of the first word and
the
first word after a long dash or colon). City Where Published, State or Country
(add only if
needed to identify the city, and use
U.S. Postal Service abbreviations for states): Name of
Publisher. Please note and follow the punctuation used in these and
subsequent examples:
Boulding, K. E. 1956. The image. Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press.
Kahn, R. L., & Boulding, E. (Eds.). 1964. Power and conflict in
organizations. Glencoe, IL: Free
Press.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. 1978. The social psychology of
organizations (2nd ed.). New York:
Wiley.
U.S. Department of Labor Statistics. 1976--83. Employment and
earnings. Washington DC:
U.S. Government Printing Office.
Periodical entries follow this form: Authors’ Last Names, Initials.
Year. Title of article or paper (in
lowercase letters except for the first letter of the first word and the
first word after a long dash or
colon). Name of Periodical,
volume number (issue number if needed): page numbers.
Examples:
Fry, L. W., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. 1984. Technology, structure, and
workgroup effectiveness: A
test of a contingency model. Academy of Management Journal, 27:
221--246.
Goggin, W. C. 1974. How the multidimensional structure works at Dow
Corning. Harvard
Business Review, 55(1): 54--65.
Include an issue number only if a periodical’s pages are not numbered
consecutively throughout
its
volumes---that is, if each issue begins with a page numbered “1.”
If
a periodical article has no author, treat the name of the periodical like a
corporate author, in
both the citation and reference. Examples:
Citation
There is fear that Social Security rates may rise (Wall Street
Journal, 1984).
Reference
Wall Street Journal. 1984.
Inflation rate may cause social security increase. September 24: 14.
Chapters in books follow this form: Authors’ Last Names, Initials. Year.
Title of chapter (in
lowercase letters except for the first letter of the first word and
first word after a colon). In
Editors’ Initials and Last Names (Eds.), Title of book: page numbers.
City Where Published,
State or Country (only if necessary to identify the city): Name of
Publisher. Examples:
Berg, N. A. 1973. Corporate role in diversified companies. In B. Taylor
& I. MacMillan (Eds.),
Business policy: Teaching and research: 298--347. New York: Wiley.
Roberts, F. S. 1976. Strategy for the energy crisis: The case of
commuter transportation policy.
In
R. Axelrod (Ed.), Structure of decision: 142--179. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press.
Unpublished papers,
dissertations, and presented papers should be listed in the references
using the following formats:
Duncan, R. G. 1971. Multiple decision-making structures in adapting to
environmental
uncertainty. Working paper
no. 54--71, Northwestern University Graduate School of
Management, Evanston, IL.
Smith, M. H. 1980. A multidimensional approach to individual differences
in empathy.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of Texas, Austin.
Wall, J. P. 1983. Work and nonwork correlates of the career plateau.
Paper presented at the
annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Dallas.
A
reference to an electronic document should include the author’s name, if known;
the full title of
the
document; the full title of the work it is part of, if there is one; the ftp,
http, or other address;
and the date the document was accessed.
Appendixes
Present lengthy but essential methodological details, such as
explanations of the calculation of
measures, in an appendix or appendixes. Presentation should be concise
but not abbreviated.
Entitle a single appendix APPENDIX, typed in all caps; multiple
appendixes are APPENDIX A,
APPENDIX B, etc.
Avoiding Sexist and Other
Biased Language
Authors should avoid terms or usages that are denigrating to ethnic or
other groups or that may
be
interpreted as such. Be particularly careful in dealing with gender, where
long-established
customs, such as the use of “he” as a generic pronoun (“a manager ...
he”), can imply
gender-based discrimination. Using plural pronouns---changing “the
manager ... he” to
“managers ... they”---is preferred.
Using
the First Person and Active Voice
Vigorous, direct, clear, and concise communication should be the
objective of all articles. Use of
the
first person (“I” or “we”) and the active voice can further that objective.
Examples:
Two
of the four items were found to lack factor validity by Earley (1989).
[Passive]
Earley (1989) found that two of the four items lacked factor validity.
[Active]
Three new items were developed. [Passive] We developed three new items. [Active, first
person]